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Volley Ball

A team game played usually by teams of 6 players (Beach Volley Ball is played by teams of two players), each team takes up position on either side of a centre net and the aim is to deliver the ball over the net and onto the ground inside the opponents court. While the opponents aim is to prevent the ball touching the ground and sending the ball back over the net to touch the ground on the other side.

WG Morgan a physical fitness coach for the YMCA is credited with formulating the game back in 1895 for middle aged men who found basketball too strenuous. The game initially used a basketball but this was found unsuitable so Spalding produced a special calf skin ball. Within a few years competitive matches were being played.
From the start of the game the ball had to rebound from player to player, catching, holding pushing and throwing were not allowed. After the first world war teams of six became established and skills became more sophisticated, eventually the mode of play, receive, set pass, smash developed. The service had to be direct to the opponents. the international volleyball federation (FIVB) was founded in 1947. Volleyball is now an important Olympic Sport.

Court

A rectangular court 18m by 9m divided into two equal square courts by the centre line above the centre line is the net which is taut and set at a height of 2.43m

Rules

Play begins when the server, standing behind the base line and in the service area, strikes the ball with one hand or arm to send it over the net into the opposite court. The opposite team attempts to save the ball and at the same time hit it to a team member, each team is allowed to contact the ball a maximum of three times before it must be returned to the other court. No individual may hit the ball twice in succession (a double hit.) and the ball must always be played cleanly by the hands with no suggestion of holding, lifting or carrying, play continues with a rally until one team or the other lets the ball touch the ground in its own court or fails to return it over the net, when a serving team wins a rally they are awarded a point, when the receiving team wins a ‘side out’ occurs and that team is entitled to take the next service. Each player must now rotate one place clockwise before service and this ensures each player takes a turn in each position during a ‘set’. There are two rows of players the front line numbered 2, 3, and 4 these are nearest the net, and the back line are furthest away from the net and are numbered 1, 6 or 5.
On receiving the ball a defending player attempts to return it near to the net on his own side where a member of his team will attempt to set the ball with a high pass which a front line player can smash to the floor in the oppositions side. The opposition will attempt a ‘block’ this is made with hands and arms near and above the net and is an attempt to stop the smash or ‘spike. Other forms of attack are ‘tactical ball or dump’ this is when a player feigns a smash and at the last moment makes a soft pass over the block, ‘volley pass’ is when the ball is struck above shoulder height using the fingers of both hands, ‘dig pass’ is when the ball is struck below shoulder height with one or both arms. the one arm pass is less reliable and is usually used when diving to recover the ball, the two arm dig pass is performed with the hands clasped and the arms extended.
Overlapping is a positional fault at the moment of service the back line player must be behind the corresponding front line player, the position of players is judged according to the position of the feet.

Scoring

Points are only scored by the serving team and the first team to reach 15 points wins the set, provided they have a lead of 2 points, if at 15 the lead is less than two points play continues until a 2 point lead is established. A match is decided by the best of three sets or five as agreed prior to the game starting, International and National League games are for best of five sets.